Solana to EVM Cross-Chain Swaps

Learn how to create cross-chain swaps from Solana to EVM-compatible chains

This guide demonstrates how to perform a complete cross-chain swap from Solana to an EVM-compatible chain. The example shows swapping USDT on Solana to USDT on Ethereum.

Overview

Solana to EVM swaps differ from EVM to EVM swaps in several key ways:

• Orders must be announced to the relayer before being published on-chain
• Uses Solana-specific address formats and transaction structures
• Requires Solana keypair for signing instead of EVM private key
• Uses SvmSrcEscrowFactory for creating on-chain orders

Solana orders must be announced to the relayer first, then published on-chain. If you only publish on-chain without announcing, resolvers won’t pick up your order.

Complete Example

1. Install and Import Dependencies

   Install the required packages:

   npm install @1inch/cross-chain-sdk @coral-xyz/anchor
   

   import {
       NetworkEnum,
       SDK,
       SolanaAddress,
       HashLock,
       EvmAddress,
       SvmSrcEscrowFactory,
       OrderStatus
   } from '@1inch/cross-chain-sdk'
   import { utils, web3 } from '@coral-xyz/anchor'
   import { randomBytes } from 'node:crypto'
   import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers/promises'
   
2. Initialize SDK and Solana Signer

   Set up the SDK and create a Solana keypair:

   const authKey = process.env.DEV_PORTAL_API_TOKEN
   const signerPrivateKey = process.env.SOLANA_PRIVATE_KEY
   
   // Create Solana keypair from base58 private key
   const makerSigner = web3.Keypair.fromSecretKey(
       utils.bytes.bs58.decode(signerPrivateKey)
   )
   
   const SOLANA_RPC = 'https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com'
   
   const sdk = new SDK({
       url: 'https://api.1inch.com/fusion-plus',
       authKey
   })
   

   Unlike EVM swaps, you don’t need to pass a blockchainProvider to the SDK for Solana swaps, since order creation happens via direct Solana transactions.

3. Define Swap Parameters

   Set up the swap parameters using Solana and EVM address formats:

   const USDT_SOL = 'Es9vMFrzaCERmJfrF4H2FYD4KCoNkY11McCe8BenwNYB'
   const USDT_ETHEREUM = '0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7'
   
   const maker = makerSigner.publicKey.toBase58()
   const receiver = '0x962a836519109e162754161000D65d9Dc027Fa0F'
   
   const srcToken = SolanaAddress.fromString(USDT_SOL)
   const dstToken = EvmAddress.fromString(USDT_ETHEREUM)
   const amount = 10_000_000n // 10 USDT
   
   const srcChainId = NetworkEnum.SOLANA
   const dstChainId = NetworkEnum.ETHEREUM
   
4. Get Quote and Generate Secrets

   Request a quote and generate secrets for the atomic swap:

   const quote = await sdk.getQuote({
       amount: amount.toString(),
       srcChainId,
       dstChainId,
       srcTokenAddress: srcToken.toString(),
       dstTokenAddress: dstToken.toString(),
       enableEstimate: true,
       walletAddress: maker
   })
   
   console.log('got quote', quote)
   
   const preset = quote.getPreset(quote.recommendedPreset)
   
   const secrets = Array.from({ length: preset.secretsCount }).map(
       () => '0x' + randomBytes(32).toString('hex')
   )
   const secretHashes = secrets.map(HashLock.hashSecret)
   const leaves = HashLock.getMerkleLeaves(secrets)
   
   const hashLock = secrets.length > 1 
       ? HashLock.forMultipleFills(leaves) 
       : HashLock.forSingleFill(secrets[0])
   
5. Create and Announce Order

   Create the Solana order and announce it to the relayer:

   const order = quote.createSolanaOrder({
       hashLock,
       receiver: EvmAddress.fromString(receiver),
       preset: quote.recommendedPreset
   })
   
   const orderHash = await sdk.announceOrder(order, quote.quoteId, secretHashes)
   console.log('announced order to relayer', orderHash)
   

   You must announce the order to the relayer before publishing it on-chain. This ensures resolvers are ready to process your order.

6. Publish Order On-Chain

   Create and submit the Solana transaction to publish the order on-chain:

   // Create the instruction for order creation
   const ix = SvmSrcEscrowFactory.DEFAULT.createOrder(order, {
       srcTokenProgramId: SolanaAddress.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
   })
   
   // Build Solana transaction
   const tx = new web3.Transaction().add({
       data: ix.data,
       programId: new web3.PublicKey(ix.programId.toBuffer()),
       keys: ix.accounts.map((a) => ({
           isSigner: a.isSigner,
           isWritable: a.isWritable,
           pubkey: new web3.PublicKey(a.pubkey.toBuffer())
       }))
   })
   
   const connection = new web3.Connection(SOLANA_RPC)
   const result = await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [makerSigner])
   
   console.log('submitted order', result)
   await setTimeout(5000) // Wait for transaction to land
   
7. Monitor and Submit Secrets

   Monitor the order and submit secrets as escrows are deployed:

   const alreadyShared = new Set<number>()
   
   while (true) {
       const readyToAcceptSecretes = await sdk.getReadyToAcceptSecretFills(orderHash)
       const idxes = readyToAcceptSecretes.fills.map((f) => f.idx)
   
       for (const idx of idxes) {
           if (!alreadyShared.has(idx)) {
               // Verify escrow addresses before sharing secrets
               await sdk.submitSecret(orderHash, secrets[idx])
               alreadyShared.add(idx)
               console.log('submitted secret', secrets[idx])
           }
       }
   
       // Check if order finished
       const { status } = await sdk.getOrderStatus(orderHash)
   
       if (
           status === OrderStatus.Executed ||
           status === OrderStatus.Expired ||
           status === OrderStatus.Refunded
       ) {
           break
       }
   
       await setTimeout(5000)
   }
   
   const statusResponse = await sdk.getOrderStatus(orderHash)
   console.log(statusResponse)
   

Full Working Example

Solana to EVM Swap

import {
    NetworkEnum,
    SDK,
    SolanaAddress,
    HashLock,
    EvmAddress,
    SvmSrcEscrowFactory,
    OrderStatus
} from '@1inch/cross-chain-sdk'
import { utils, web3 } from '@coral-xyz/anchor'
import { randomBytes } from 'node:crypto'
import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers/promises'
import assert from 'node:assert'

const authKey = process.env.DEV_PORTAL_API_TOKEN
assert(authKey, 'provide auth key in DEV_PORTAL_API_TOKEN')

const signerPrivateKey = process.env.SOLANA_PRIVATE_KEY
assert(signerPrivateKey, 'provide solana private key in SOLANA_PRIVATE_KEY')

const makerSigner = web3.Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    utils.bytes.bs58.decode(signerPrivateKey)
)

const SOLANA_RPC = 'https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com'
const sdk = new SDK({
    url: 'https://api.1inch.com/fusion-plus',
    authKey
})

const USDT_SOL = 'Es9vMFrzaCERmJfrF4H2FYD4KCoNkY11McCe8BenwNYB'
const USDT_ETHEREUM = '0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7'

const maker = makerSigner.publicKey.toBase58()
const receiver = '0x962a836519109e162754161000D65d9Dc027Fa0F'

const srcToken = SolanaAddress.fromString(USDT_SOL)
const dstToken = EvmAddress.fromString(USDT_ETHEREUM)
const amount = 10_000_000n // 10 USDT

const srcChainId = NetworkEnum.SOLANA
const dstChainId = NetworkEnum.ETHEREUM

async function main(): Promise<void> {
    const quote = await sdk.getQuote({
        amount: amount.toString(),
        srcChainId,
        dstChainId,
        srcTokenAddress: srcToken.toString(),
        dstTokenAddress: dstToken.toString(),
        enableEstimate: true,
        walletAddress: maker
    })

    const preset = quote.getPreset(quote.recommendedPreset)
    const secrets = Array.from({ length: preset.secretsCount }).map(
        () => '0x' + randomBytes(32).toString('hex')
    )
    const secretHashes = secrets.map(HashLock.hashSecret)
    const leaves = HashLock.getMerkleLeaves(secrets)

    const hashLock = secrets.length > 1
        ? HashLock.forMultipleFills(leaves)
        : HashLock.forSingleFill(secrets[0])

    const order = quote.createSolanaOrder({
        hashLock,
        receiver: EvmAddress.fromString(receiver),
        preset: quote.recommendedPreset
    })

    const orderHash = await sdk.announceOrder(order, quote.quoteId, secretHashes)
    console.log('announced order to relayer', orderHash)

    const ix = SvmSrcEscrowFactory.DEFAULT.createOrder(order, {
        srcTokenProgramId: SolanaAddress.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
    })

    const tx = new web3.Transaction().add({
        data: ix.data,
        programId: new web3.PublicKey(ix.programId.toBuffer()),
        keys: ix.accounts.map((a) => ({
            isSigner: a.isSigner,
            isWritable: a.isWritable,
            pubkey: new web3.PublicKey(a.pubkey.toBuffer())
        }))
    })

    const connection = new web3.Connection(SOLANA_RPC)
    const result = await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [makerSigner])

    console.log('submitted order', result)
    await setTimeout(5000)

    const alreadyShared = new Set<number>()

    while (true) {
        const readyToAcceptSecretes = await sdk.getReadyToAcceptSecretFills(orderHash)
        const idxes = readyToAcceptSecretes.fills.map((f) => f.idx)

        for (const idx of idxes) {
            if (!alreadyShared.has(idx)) {
                await sdk.submitSecret(orderHash, secrets[idx])
                alreadyShared.add(idx)
                console.log('submitted secret', secrets[idx])
            }
        }

        const { status } = await sdk.getOrderStatus(orderHash)

        if (
            status === OrderStatus.Executed ||
            status === OrderStatus.Expired ||
            status === OrderStatus.Refunded
        ) {
            break
        }

        await setTimeout(5000)
    }

    const statusResponse = await sdk.getOrderStatus(orderHash)
    console.log(statusResponse)
}

main()

Key Differences from EVM to EVM

Address Formats

Solana uses base58-encoded addresses instead of hex:

// Solana address
const srcToken = SolanaAddress.fromString(
    'Es9vMFrzaCERmJfrF4H2FYD4KCoNkY11McCe8BenwNYB'
)

// EVM address
const dstToken = EvmAddress.fromString(
    '0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7'
)

Order Creation

Solana orders use createSolanaOrder() and announceOrder():

// Create Solana order
const order = quote.createSolanaOrder({
    hashLock,
    receiver: EvmAddress.fromString(receiver),
    preset: quote.recommendedPreset
})

// Announce before on-chain submission
const orderHash = await sdk.announceOrder(
    order, 
    quote.quoteId, 
    secretHashes
)

Transaction Signing

Use Solana’s native transaction structure:

const connection = new web3.Connection(SOLANA_RPC)
const tx = new web3.Transaction().add(instruction)

// Sign and send with Solana keypair
const result = await connection.sendTransaction(
    tx, 
    [makerSigner]
)

Native Token Swaps

To swap native SOL instead of SPL tokens, use the native address constant:

const srcToken = SolanaAddress.NATIVE // For SOL

Next Steps

• Learn about EVM to Solana swaps
• Explore order tracking for monitoring order status
• Understand integrator fees for monetization